Isimo sobhubhane lwe-COVID-19 siphindaphinda ugqozi lokutshala “ingqalasizinda entsha”

Isizathu sokuthi kungani “ingqalasizinda entsha” ibizwa ngokuthi “entsha” ihlobene nengqalasizinda yendabuko “njengendiza yomphakathi yensimbi”, esebenzela ingqalasizinda yohlangothi lwesayensi nobuchwepheshe.Iphrojekthi yomlando eqhathanisekayo “yengqalasizinda entsha” “ikazwelonke” eyahlongozwa uMongameli waseMelika uClinton ngo-1993. idale inkazimulo yesikhathi esizayo yomnotho wolwazi wase-US.Esikhathini somnotho wezimboni, ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda kubonakala ekukhuthazeni izinsiza ezibonakalayo Ukugeleza nokudidiyelwa kochungechunge lokuhlinzeka;enkathini yomnotho wedijithali, ukuxhumana kweselula, idatha enkulu, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa nezinye izinsiza zemishini yenethiwekhi kanye nezindawo zesikhungo sedatha sekuyingqalasizinda edingekayo kanye nendawo yonke.

"Ingqalasizinda entsha" ehlongozwayo kulokhu inomqondo obanzi nezinjongo zesevisi ezibanzi.Isibonelo, i-5G eyezokuxhumana ngeselula, i-UHV ngeyogesi, ezokuthutha ezihamba ngesivinini esikhulu ezihlangana phakathi kwamadolobha nezokuthutha ezihamba phakathi kwamadolobha ezokuthutha, izikhungo zedatha ezinkulu eze-inthanethi nezinkonzo zedijithali, futhi ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye ne-inthanethi yezimboni kuyinkambu ecebile nehlukahlukene.Lokhu kungase kubangele inkinga ukuthi yonke into ilayishwe kuyo, kodwa lokhu kubuye kuhlobane negama elithi "okusha" ngoba izinto ezintsha zihlala zithuthuka.

Ngo-2019, ama-ejensi afanele ahlele isizindalwazi sephrojekthi ye-PPP yasekhaya, ngokutshalwa kwezimali okuphelele kwe-17.6 trillion yuan, futhi ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda kuseyinhloko enkulu, i-7.1 trillion yuan, ibalwa ku-41%;Izindlu ezithengiswayo zikleliswe endaweni yesibili, ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3.4, ezibalelwa ku-20%;"Ingqalasizinda entsha" icishe ibe yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-100, ibalwa cishe ngo-0.5%, futhi inani eliphelele alilikhulu.Ngokwezibalo ze-21st Century Business Herald, kusukela mhla zi-5 kuNdasa, uhlu lwezinhlelo zokutshalwa kwezimali zesikhathi esizayo ezikhishwe izifundazwe nomasipala abangama-24 lwafingqwa, olubandakanya amaphrojekthi angama-22,000, anesamba sesamba sama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-47.6, kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali okuhlelwe kuka-8 trillion. yuan ngo-2020. Ingxenye "yengqalasizinda entsha" isivele icishe ibe ngu-10%.

Phakathi nalolu bhubhane, umnotho wedijithali ubonise amandla aqinile, futhi amafomethi amaningi edijithali afana nempilo yamafu, ihhovisi lamafu, nomnotho wamafu bekuqhume ngamandla, okungeza umfutho omusha ekwakhiweni "kwengqalasizinda entsha".Ngemuva kwalolu bhubhane, ukucatshangelwa kokuvuselela umnotho, "ingqalasizinda entsha" kuzothola ukunakwa okwengeziwe kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu, futhi kugcizelele okulindelwe okwengeziwe kokukhuthaza ukukhula komnotho.

Amandla okusetshenziswa kwensimbi ezindaweni eziyisikhombisa

Ukusethwa kwezindawo ezinkulu eziyisikhombisa "zengqalasizinda entsha" kusekelwe emnothweni wedijithali kanye nomnotho okhaliphile.Imboni yensimbi izozuza emandleni amasha e-kinetic namandla amasha ahlinzekwa "ingqalasizinda entsha" ezingeni eliphezulu, futhi izophinde ibe "Ingqalasizinda" inikeza izinto eziyisisekelo ezidingekayo.

Ihlungwe ngezinkambu eziyisikhombisa namandla ensimbi ezinto zensimbi, ukusuka phezulu ukuya phansi, isitimela esinesivinini esikhulu kanye nezokuthutha ezihamba phakathi kwamadolobha, i-UHV, inqwaba yokushaja imoto yamandla amasha, isiteshi sesisekelo se-5G, isikhungo esikhulu sedatha, i-inthanethi yezimboni, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa .

Ngokohlelo lweNational Railway’s “Thirteenth Five-Year Plan”, uhlelo lwebhizinisi lezitimela ezihamba ngesivinini esiphezulu lwango-2020 luzoba amakhilomitha angama-30,000.Ngo-2019, i-mileage yamanje yokusebenza kukajantshi wesivinini esiphezulu isifinyelele kumakhilomitha angama-35,000, futhi umgomo weqiwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi ebesibekiwe." Ngo-2020, ujantshi kazwelonke uzotshala ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-800 futhi usebenzise imigqa emisha engamakhilomitha ayi-4,000, isiphi isitimela esinesivinini esikhulu esizoba amakhilomitha angu-2 000. Kuzogxilwa ekushiyekeni, kumanethiwekhi abethelwe, futhi Amandla otshalomali azofana ngokuyisisekelo ngo-2019. Ngokumelene nesizinda sokwakheka okuyisisekelo kwenethiwekhi kazwelonke yomgogodla, ngo-2019, inani eliphelele Ibanga lamathrekhi asemadolobheni ezweni lizofinyelela kumakhilomitha ayi-6,730, ukwanda ngamakhilomitha angama-969, futhi amandla okutshala imali azoba cishe yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-700. Iqhutshwa inguqulo ethuthukisiwe yenqubomgomo "ingqalasizinda entsha", Ukuxhumana Kwesifunda ngaphansi kwenethiwekhi yomgogodla, amaphrojekthi wokubethela , okungukuthi ojantshi besitimela abahamba ngesivinini esiphezulu kanye nokuhamba kukaloliwe phakathi kwamadolobha, kuzoba okugxilwe kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwesikhathi esizayo.Okugxilwe kakhulu kwesifunda somfula i-Yangtze River Delta, iZhuhai Ngokohlelo lwe-"Shanghai 2035", i-Changjiang, i-Beijing, i-Tianjin, i-Hebei ne-Changjiang izokwakha inethiwekhi yezokuthutha zikaloliwe "ezingu-1000 km" zemizila yasemadolobheni, imigqa yokuhlangana, kanye nendawo. imigqa.Ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezigidi ezingu-100 zamadola aseMelika ezitimeleni kudinga okungenani ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi engu-0.333 Kukhona ukutshalwa kwezimali kwe-1 trillion US dollars ukushayela isidingo samathani angu-3333 ensimbi, futhi ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside yizinto zokwakha kanye nezinto zesitimela.

I-UHV.Lo mkhakha uqhutshwa kakhulu yi-State Grid.Manje sekuyacaca ukuthi ngo-2020, kuzovunyelwa ama-UHV angu-7.Lokhu kudonsa kwensimbi kubonakala kakhulu ensimbi kagesi.Ngo-2019, ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi kagesi ngamathani angama-979, okukhuphuke ngo-6.6% izikhathi eziningana.Ngemuva kokwenyuka kokutshalwa kwezimali kwegridi okulethwe yi-UHV, isidingo sensimbi kagesi kulindeleke ukuthi sikhule.

Inqwaba eshajayo yezimoto zamandla amasha.Ngokwe-"New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan", isilinganiso sokuwohloka singu-1:1, futhi kuzoba nezinqwaba zokushaja ezingaba yizigidi ezingu-7 eShayina ngo-2025. Inqwaba yokushaja ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa umsingathi wemishini, amakhebula, amakholomu nezinye izinto ezisizayo. .Inqwaba yokushaja engu-7KW ibiza cishe u-20,000, kanti i-120KW idinga cishe u-150,000.Inani lensimbi yezinqwaba ezincane zokushaja liyancishiswa.Ezinkulu zizofaka insimbi ethile kubakaki.Uma kubalwa isilinganiso samathani angu-0.5 lilinye, izinqwaba zokushaja eziyizigidi ezingu-7 zidinga amathani angu-350 ensimbi.

Isiteshi esiyisisekelo se-5G.Ngokwesibikezelo se-China Information Communication Institute, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezwe lami ekwakhiweni kwenethiwekhi ye-5G kulindeleke ukuthi kufinyelele ku-1.2 trillion yuan ngo-2025;ukutshalwa kwezimali kwemishini ye-5G ku-2020 kuzoba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-90.2, lapho i-45.1 billion izotshalwa emishinini eyinhloko, kanye nezinye izinto ezisizayo ezifana nezinsika zombhoshongo wezokuxhumana zizofakwa.Ingqalasizinda ye-5G ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezimbili zeziteshi eziyisisekelo kanye neziteshi ezincane.Umbhoshongo omkhulu wangaphandle uyisiteshi esikhulu esiyisisekelo futhi okugxilwe kukho ekwakhiweni okukhulu kwamanje.Ukwakhiwa kwesiteshi esikhulu sesisekelo sakhiwe ngezinto eziyinhloko, izinsiza ezisekela amandla, ukwakhiwa komphakathi, njll. Insimbi ehilelekile yigumbi lomshini, amakhabethe, amakhabethe, izinsika zemibhoshongo yokuxhumana, njll. Umthamo wensimbi wama-akhawunti wensika yombhoshongo ngobuningi, futhi isisindo sombhoshongo ojwayelekile wamashubhu amathathu singamathani angama-8.5, kodwa iziteshi eziningi eziyisisekelo kanye neziteshi ezincane zizoncika ku-2/3/4G ekhona nezinye izinsiza zokuxhumana.Iziteshi ezincane eziyisisekelo zitshalwa kakhulu ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi, ezisetshenziswa kancane insimbi.Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kwensimbi okuqhutshwa iziteshi eziyisisekelo ze-5G ngeke kube kukhulu kakhulu.Cishe ngokusho kokutshalwa kwesisekelo kwesiteshi okungu-5%, insimbi iyadingeka, kanti ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezigidigidi zamadola ku-5G kuqhuba ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi kukhuphuke cishe ngama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-50.

Isikhungo esikhulu sedatha, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, i-inthanethi yezimboni.Ukutshalwa kwezimali kwehadiwe ikakhulukazi kumagumbi ekhompyutha, amaseva, njll., uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindawo ezine, ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi okuqondile kuncane.

Ukubona "Ingqalasizinda Entsha" Yokusetshenziswa Kwensimbi Kusuka Kumasampuli E-Guangdong

Nakuba inani lensimbi elisetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinkulu eziyisikhombisa lihluka, ngenxa yokuthi izinto zokuhamba zikaloliwe zibangela ingxenye enkulu yokutshalwa kwezimali kwengqalasizinda entsha nokwakhiwa, kuzoba sobala kakhulu ukukhulisa ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi.Ngokohlu lwamaphrojekthi okutshalwa kwezimali ashicilelwe yiSifundazwe sase-Guangdong, kukhona amaphrojekthi okwakha abalulekile angu-1,230 ngo-2020, okutshalwe imali eyizigidigidi ezingama-5.9 yuan, kanye namaphrojekthi okuqala angama-868, okulinganiselwa ukuthi kutshalwe imali eyizigidigidi ezi-3.4 zamayuan.Ingqalasizinda entsha ingama-yuan ayizigidi eziyisigidi esingu-1, okubalelwa ku-10% wohlelo lokutshalwa kwezimali lulonke lwe-9.3 trillion yuan.

Sekukonke, isamba sokutshalwa kwezimali kwezokuthutha kukaloliwe phakathi kwamadolobha kanye nezokuthutha ngojantshi basemadolobheni ngama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-906.9, okubalelwa ku-90%.Isilinganiso sokutshalwa kwezimali esingu-90% yiyona ndawo enensimbi eningi kakhulu, futhi inani lamaphrojekthi angama-39 lingaphezulu kakhulu kwelezinye izindawo.isamba.Ngokolwazi oluvela kuKhomishana Kazwelonke Yokuthuthukiswa Nezinguquko, ukugunyazwa kwemiklamo yezokuthutha ezihamba ngololiwe phakathi kwedolobha nezindawo zasemadolobheni sekufinyelele izigidigidi.Kulindeleke ukuthi le ndawo ibe yisizinda sokutshalwa kwezimali kwingqalasizinda emisha ngokwezinga nenani.

Ngakho-ke, "ingqalasizinda entsha" iyithuba lemboni yensimbi ukuthi ikhuthaze izinga layo nokusebenza kahle kwayo, futhi izokwakha indawo entsha yokukhula kwesidingo sensimbi.